A Quick Look at Jewelry Hallmarks

British Hallmarks are the best in the world.

Who says so, the rest of the World. Although to be fair, other countries have great hallmarks too, it is just that they are NOT so often seen.

A book on World Hallmarks for Gold or Silver items is a must for any serious collector or dealer, but they can be a little intimidating and time consuming. Is that mark a Cockerel or a Tree? Could it be made in Switzerland or Germany?

Thankfully for the rest of us, a small pocket book on UK Hallmarks is more than up to the task, coupled with that very useful plastic 10X eyeglass I keep on hinting for you to buy.

It will show you that the item has been tested and stamped, to prove it is - what it says it is (9ct or 18ct etc).

British Jewelry with a full UKHM (United Kingdom Hall Mark) is generally clearly stamped and readable after you clean it (check the website below for another complimentary article on 'How to Clean your Jewelry at Home').

Once you are aware of the marks, you will always feel just that little bit better when you buy that 'Could it be an Antique?' item at the local market, or from the guy in the Pub that everyone talks about but nobody knows.

Buyer Beware....

*Six marks on British Jewelry.*

Yes... Six?

# 1: The Maker's Mark (Usually some initials). Not all that important for everyday items, unless you want to collect Jewelry from one maker. Silver collectors may want to buy items from say, Bateman (I should be so lucky).

# 2: The second stamp is the Assay Office mark or 'Mark of Origin'. It tells you where the item came from. The most common is the LONDON Hallmark. A Leopard's Head. Sometimes this has a crown on the Leopard's Head (until circa 1821). Modern items do NOT have a crown on the Leopard Stamp.

The other most common Assay Office marks are from Birmingham (an Anchor). Once there were many Assay offices around Great Britain and Ireland, the Chester mark for instance. Now there are just three offices left in England, Sheffield being the last using a 'Rose' on gold Jewelry (DO NOT CONFUSE THIS WITH 'ROSE GOLD' JEWELRY) as that is a color, not a mark.

In Scotland there is Edinburgh, while in Ireland there is Dublin. Pity the poor Welsh are left out again!

# 3: The next is the Assay Quality mark and is shown as the 'Lion Passant' (which means 'looking ahead') and is a guarantee of quality. This was later changed to a 'CROWN' mark with a stamp showing the quality of Gold.... 9ct or 18ct etc.

# 4: Finally, and possibly the most important mark, was the Date letter mark. It changed each year so we can tell when the item was made.

Occasionally there is an extra mark.

# 5: An example was the Queen's Silver Jubilee in 1977.

Suffice to say if you see a Brooch with four or five marks and one of them is an Anchor with an 18 next to it and a letter 'C' next to that.... It's a safe bet it was made in Birmingham in 1927, or was that 1952, or 1902, or, or, or.....

Buyer Beware the man in the Pub.

As with most Jewelry items though, our advise has always been to buy the best QUALITY you can afford from a reputable dealer who will guarantee it.

Other than that, your plastic 10X eyeglass sure helps a lot....

P.S.
If you administer a website or publish an ezine, please feel free to use this article as long as you leave all links in place, do not modify the content and include our resource box as listed below. Although it's NOT compulsory I would personally appreciate it if you could send me an email at: gemmo1@online-jewelry-appraisals.com to let me know if and where you used it. If you need other great content - complimentary of course - then drop me a line at the email address given - 'cause I've got Quality Content and Gallons of the stuff....

(c)David Foard - All Rights reserved

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Nitro Powered RC Cars - Tips for Choosing Your First Gas RC Car

RC (radio controlled) cars, especially the nitro or gas powered RC cars, are becoming increasingly popular. With speeds up to 70 mph, realistic looks, and racing clubs in virtually every large city, it's easy to see why.

If you want to join this exciting hobby, there're a few things you should consider before you buy your first nitro-powered RC car. The basic considerations are: size, type, 2 or 4-stroke motor, maintenance, 2 or 4 wheel drive, and ready-to-run (rtr) or kit cars.

Sizes

The two most popular sizes to choose from are 1/8 and 1/10 scale. 1/10th scale is the industry standard for on-road racers, while 1/8th is more popular for off-road trucks and buggies. The larger 1/8th scale on road car comes standard with a 2 or 3 speed automatic transmission.

Types

The touring and racing cars are are the popular choice for on-road use. For best performance, they should be run on a smooth surface.

Trucks and buggies are the choice if off-road action is what you want. Though not as fast as the touring and racing styles, they are still very impressive and extremely rugged as well. And since a smooth surface is not required, they also have the advantage of being able to run just about anywhere.

Motors

Nitro powered RC motors come available in the popular 2-stroke or the less conventional 4- stroke versions. The primary difference is that the 2-stroke motor, much like a weed eater or chain saw, requires a fuel oil mixture. The 4-stroke motor has an oil reservoir and can run on straight fuel. The 2 stroke engine has the advantage of producing higher rpm's (revs up faster) and is more suitable for racing. The 4 stroke engine has more power and torque and is better for offroad use.

The most popular 2-stroke motor is the 23cc (cubic centimeter) displacement engine. It's popularity is due to the amazing 2.5 HP of output it produces. The resulting high speeds and acceleration are what RC racers love.

Additionally, motors come with or without a pull start. The ones without a pull start are cheaper, but you'll also need a starter box.

Maintenance for Nitro Powered RC Cars

Maintenance is a definite requirement of running a nitro powered vehicle. Most hobbyist love tweaking and tuning their vehicles. In addition, you'll need to maintain certain parts such as:

Clutch
Differential
Air Filter
Header and
Pull start cord

2 or 4 Wheel Drive

If you're new to the hobby, you'll find a 2wd car less expensive and easier to work on. The 4wd car has the advantage of better traction and handling in turns which makes it a better choice when you're ready to race.

Kits or Ready to Run (RTR) Rc Cars

Nitro powered rc cars come in kits or ready-to-run right from the box. The primary difference is the whether you want to save time with a RTR car or save money with a kit. However, because of the assembly process, kits better prepare you for required maintenance.

If you choose to build an rc car, don't expect to finish in one sitting. To avoid mistakes, familiarize yourself with the instructions first and get your work area prepared. Some of the things you'll need are:

Small No. 1 and 2 Phillips and flathead screwdrivers
Soap - as a dry lubricant for tight parts
Extra fuel line - to hold screws while positioning
Needle nose and regular slip joint pliers
Flush cutter
Hobby knife with no. 11 blades

When you assemble the car, make sure to work in a well-lit, uncluttered area. You should keep the parts and tools separated using tin boxes, trays, or even an old fishing tackle box.

These are a few of the basics you'll need to know before you buy your first nitro rc car or truck. You should expect to pay around $400 for a complete beginner setup. The price will vary a little depending on whether you choose a kit or RTR and how many tools you need.

Whether you race or just practice by yourself, get ready for a lot of fun!

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The Ironman and Overtraining

This is a statement I read recently. "Remember that when you are not training, someone out there is and you will lose to that person when you meet on raceday."

This statement was directed towards highly competetive athletes, but just the same, by its very nature, this reasoning can lead to injury.

I really believe that regardless if you are a pro triathlete or first time Ironman hopeful, this is not the best thought process to follow.

To me it makes more sense to worry less about the other person and concentrate on the training regimen that's best for you. Being afraid to miss a training day because someone else might get a step ahead of you is a recipe for disaster. All athletes have different physical tolerance levels and must progress within their capabilities and not push themselves when they obviously need rest.

Often an olympic athlete -- like a swimmer for example -- will suffer an injury and be forced to take 4 or 5 weeks off from serious training. Then soon after being back from injury, they enter a competition and have some of the best results of their career. You see it with pro athletes as well. A hockey player misses a week or two of playing and when he returns to the ice he has a career night.

To me the reason for this is simple. They were forced into giving their body a long period of rest that it obviously needed. Chances are they were over-training before their forced lay-off. Their bodies welcomed the rest and responded with amazing results.

Over the years I've had times when I've pushed my body to the limit just to see what I could do and if it would improve my race results. I was capable of enormous training regimens, but ultimately found that training more didn't necessarily result in better race results. More often then not it resulted in injury.

For example: Ten years ago I wanted to see if run-training extreme distances would give me my best ever Marathon result. Over a 5 month period I kept increasing my weekly distance. I maxed out at 155 miles a week. Probably more than most olympic marathoners train on a weekly basis. To reach that distance I had to run around 24 hours a week. It also meant doing two-a-day training. In other words, it wasn't unusual to run 3 hours in the morning and 2 hours in the evening.

The last month of training before I had intended to taper was a monster. The weeks went 140 miles, 145 miles, 150 miles and 155 miles or almost 600 miles in a month plus working a full-time job. It was during the last week and a half that I started to feel soreness in my heels. Like many other odd aches and pains I developed over the years, I just trained right through it assuming it would go away. Well it didn't. It became so bad that I had to go to a doctor and was diagnosed with plantar fasciitis. It was an extremely serious case and cost me the marathon I was training for, and even an Ironman race 5 months later.

NOTE***I did mention to two different coaches that my heels hurt and it felt like they were bruised. They had no idea what it was. I told my doctor the same thing and he knew right away what the problem was. He diagnosed plantar fasciitis immediately. Ironically, when I looked it up on the internet later, it said that the first sign of plantar fasciitis is a feeling not unlike having bruised heels. To this day I don't know how both coaches failed to pick up on it, especially when they were documenting my weekly mileage. They could have saved my year. The lesson here: A coach is not a doctor. If you're injured go to a doctor.

Despite having my heel injected with an anti-inflammatory before the Ironman months later, I had to drop out 5 miles into the run. It was devastating injury and that was the last time I let myself over-train.

It really messed up an entire year.

My suggestion to anyone training for the Ironman is to listen to your body. Its true that often you will get numerous aches and pains and twinges that come and go as you put your body through the rigors of training for a distance event. If you quit training every time something ached, you would never train.

The best way I found to approach these nagging aches and pains was to monitor them "very closely." Say for example your heel begins to hurt like mine did. The first time you notice the pain do one more running workout. If its still there, STOP run training and concentrate on your swimming and biking. That's the beauty of the Ironman. Often an injury will allow you to do at least one of the other disciplines.

See a professional---a doctor or physiotherapist and tell them the problem. Had I done this it may have saved my entire year. Plantar fasciitis would have been diagnosed right away. A program of stretching 3 times a day and maybe some shoe inserts and I could have avoided the injury becoming chronic. At most I would have lost one or two weeks instead of the entire season.

So I believe this is the key to avoiding serious injury. If its a normal ache or pain it will disappear in a few days. If it persists through several training days, stop and get it diagnosed.

Pushing too hard in your training can have another serious consequense as well. You can just simply run out of energy and every work-out becomes difficult. Its times like this that training is just no fun. If you go out on a training run or bike and just know you have nothing in the tank--stop and go home. Take two or three days off completely and do things that have nothing to do with swim, bike, run. Avoid the mindset that you will lose all you've worked for if you take several days off. It just won't happen.

Give your body a break. When you return to training, you'll most likely feel re-vitalized and begin to enjoy training once again.

Strange as it may sound, my best competition year was when I decided to take extra days off whenever I felt drained. It was a complete about face from all the years that I just pushed through the fatigue. Training tired all the time often means you will eventually run out of gas somewhere on the Ironman course. Ultimately you will go into the race tired and thats the last thing you want in a major endurance event like the Ironman.

Remember:

-Listen to your body.

-Take a few days extra rest if you feel tired all the time.

-If a pain persists through a few training days, stop, see a doctor and concentrate on the events that don't aggravate the injured area.

-Don't worry about how everyone else is training. Do what works for you.

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